1. Future Contingents | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Future contingents are sentences that concern future events that can occur or not occur. The question that started the debate—whether future contingents are ...
The riddle of the future bewilders human beings. On the one hand, we are inclined to think that future events are real in some sense, because we ask questions and make assertions about them. On the other hand, we are inclined to think that future events may depend on our choices, because we conceive of ourselves as free agents. These two inclinations seem to clash. If an event belongs to the future, then it is a fact that it will occur, and we cannot prevent it from occurring. Inversely, if we can prevent an event from occurring, then it cannot be a fact that it will occur. This apparent conflict is at the core of the debate on future contingents, a philosophical dispute that goes back to antiquity. Future contingents are sentences that concern future events that can occur or not occur. The question that started the debate—whether future contingents are true or false—is a question that has no clear answer, given that one may have different views about the truth and falsity of a sentence about the future. Yet an answer must be provided, and it cannot be just any answer. The constraints that define the problem of future contingents determine a restricted set of admissible answers, each of which gives rise to doubts, troubles, and complications.
2. [PDF] Truth and the Open Future: The Solution to Aristotle's Sea Battle ...
Jul 4, 2016 · So, as in the case of three-valued logic, the Sea Battle case is just one particular case to which the “new logic” is applicable. It is easy ...
3. [PDF] Was Classical Logic Sunk in Aristotle's Sea Battle?
Aristotle's sea battle apparently proves the need for alternatives to classical logic ... Consider the future tense sentence "There will be a sea battle tomorrow ...
4. Truth and the Open Future: The Solution to Aristotle's Sea Battle ...
Jul 5, 2016 · sea-battle, indeterminism, the principle of bivalence, temporal-modal logic. Subjects: General Issues > Scientific Metaphysics · General Issues ...
The talk deals with Aristotle’s famous sea-battle problem concerning the truth values of sentences about contingent future events: If an utterance of the sentence “There will be a sea battle tomorrow” is true, then it seems that it is determined that there will be a sea battle tomorrow. For otherwise, how could the utterance be true? If, however, an utterance of the sentence “There will be a sea battle tomorrow” is false, then it seems that it is determined that there will be no sea battle tomorrow. For otherwise, how could the utterance be false? Thus, it seems that it is determined whether there will be a sea battle tomorrow or not – and so for any future event whatsoever. This, however, is in conflict with the (plausible) assumption that there is such a thing as an open future, i.e., that at least for some (possible) future events, it is not determined whether they will take place or not. Some have argued, in light of this problem, that sentences about f uture events are neither true nor false. In this talk, however, it shall be argued that the sea-battle problem can be resolved in an intuitively plausible manner without giving up the principle of bivalence.
5. [PDF] Future Battle: The Merging Levels of War - DTIC
Future Battle: The Merging Levels of War ... For that matter, later Soviet concepts of theater- wide offensive operations were also logical successors in a series ...
6. The Open Future: Why Future Contingents are All False | Reviews
Aug 1, 2023 · Rabern (2021) 'Future Contingents and the Logic of Temporal Omniscience,' Nous, vol. ... future is one on which the sea battle occurs. By ...
Patrick Todd characterizes future contingents as “propositions saying of contingent, presently undetermined events that they will happen” (3...
7. 2 Aristotle and the Future Sea Battle: Introduction - De Gruyter
2 Aristotle and the Future Sea Battle: IntroductionThere is general agreement that the thesis which Aristotle means tocounter in DI 9 is logical fatalism ...
2 Aristotle and the Future Sea Battle: Introduction was published in The Sea Battle and the Master Argument on page 12.
8. Future Contingents and the Logic of Temporal Omniscience - PhilArchive
At least since Aristotle's famous 'sea-battle' passages in On Interpretation 9, some substantial minority of philosophers has been attracted to the doctrine ...
At least since Aristotle’s famous 'sea-battle' passages in On Interpretation 9, some substantial minority of philosophers has been attracted to the doctrine of the open future--the doctrine that future contingent statements ...
9. The Battle Between Instinct and Logic - Advisorpedia
Ratios shouldn't be looked at on their own and past performance isn't a guide to the future. Investing in an individual company isn't right for everyone ...
What about a more highly evolved species like human beings? Is instinct really our friend? Let’s look at three, simple examples. #instincts #logic
10. [PDF] The Logic of the Future - University of St Andrews
May 16, 2006 · ... battle tomorrow› would commit a Greek to ‹There will be a sea-battle tomorrow even if a storm drives the. Persians out to sea tonight›. I ...
11. [PDF] Future Contingents and the Logic of Temporal Omniscience - PhilArchive
At least since Aristotle's famous 'sea-battle' passages in On Interpretation 9, some substantial minority of philosophers has been attracted to what we ...
12. A logic for temporal conditionals and a solution to the Sea Battle Puzzle
The logic LTC extends the Nexttime fragment of CTL*, with operators for model updates, restricting the domain to only future moments where antecedent is still ...
Temporal reasoning with conditionals is more complex than both classical temporal reasoning and reasoning with timeless conditionals, and can lead to some rather counter-intuitive conclusions. For instance, Aristotle's famous "Sea Battle Tomorrow" puzzle leads to a fatalistic conclusion: whether there will be a sea battle tomorrow or not, but that is necessarily the case now. We propose a branching-time logic LTC to formalise reasoning about temporal conditionals and provide that logic with adequate formal semantics. The logic LTC extends the Nexttime fragment of CTL*, with operators for model updates, restricting the domain to only future moments where antecedent is still possible to satisfy. We provide formal semantics for these operators that implements the restrictor interpretation of antecedents of temporalized conditionals, by suitably restricting the domain of discourse. As a motivating example, we demonstrate that a naturally formalised in our logic version of the `Sea Battle' argument renders it unsound, thereby providing a solution to the problem with fatalist conclusion that it entails, because its underlying reasoning per cases argument no longer applies when these cases are treated not as material implications but as temporal conditionals. On the technical side, we analyze the semantics of LTC and provide a series of reductions of LTC-formulae, first recursively eliminating the dynamic update operators and then the path quantifiers in such formulae. Using these r...
13. The Logic of Space Battles - Game Design Reviews
Feb 2, 2009 · ... battles happening in the future is pretty much ZERO. Not a chance in hell. Seriously. Get it out of your head! Here are some things you ...
In the ’90’s, GDW released their new edition of their flagship space RPG, Traveller, and one of the books, Fire Fusion and Steel, provided a ton of details about how to design realistic spacecraft and perform realistic space combat.
14. [PDF] A Study of Interpreting the Future Contingents - ARC Journals
The former truths refer to the truths of logic or mathematics and have logical necessity. ... [11] Michael Perloff; NuelBelnap, Future Contingents and the Battle ...
15. [PDF] arXiv:1711.02843v2 [cs.LO] 26 May 2024
May 26, 2024 · demonstrate that a suitably formalised in our logic version of the 'Sea Battle' ... [13] Øhrstrøm, P., Problems regarding the future operator in ...
16. Future contingent proposition | logic - Britannica
Other articles where future contingent proposition is discussed: history of logic ... battle tomorrow but that the complex proposition that either there will be a ...
Other articles where future contingent proposition is discussed: history of logic: Developments in modal logic: …(1) whether propositions about future contingent events are now true or false (Aristotle had raised this question in De interpretatione, chapter 9), (2) whether a future contingent event can be known in advance, and (3) whether God (who, the tradition says, cannot be acted upon causally) can know future contingent…
17. Note: Essays - Aristotle - Sea Battle (Theo Todman's Web Page)
Nov 2, 2024 · Finally [19a23-19b4] he gives his solution to the problem, the “traditional” interpretation being that Aristotle denies that future singulars2 ...
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18. Logic and Grammar: Clausewitz and the Language of War
Oct 9, 2020 · ... logic and grammar as introduced in On War and as they relate ... battle was his only possibility to secure his political future. Once ...
Clausewitz’s concepts of grammar and logic have stood the test of time. His dictum that war is indeed “the continuation of policy by other means” holds true today, and while the character of war has evolved, the higher logic and the influence of policy has remained a constant. This article will firs
